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Pengajian Malaysia. Bab 8: PEMIKIRAN DAN KEPERCAYAAN
Sensitiviti Agama Jamin Keharmonian Kaum
Dalam hubungan ini, kita ingin mengambil perhatian kepada semua penganut agama di negara ini untuk menjaga sensitiviti keagamaan dalam sebarang bentuk kegiatan yang bersifat pengucapan dan kependidikan. Malah, dari beberapa kes yang sudah terjadi ini, ia memberi iktibar betapa keutamaan harus diberikan pada masa kini oleh semua pihak bagi memupuk etika perhubungan keagamaan yang kukuh antaranya dari segi menjaga sensitiviti antara sesama penganut agama. Hal ini harus diberi perhatian yang tinggi kerana kita semua sedia ketahui kesan dan akibat sekiranya permusuhan agama berlaku dalam sesebuah masyarakat. Kita tidak boleh menggadaikan kerukunan hidup masyarakat seluruhnya hanya disebabkan oleh perbuatan leka dan tidak sensitif sesetengah pihak terhadap agama orang lain.
Sekiranya diteliti, banyak faktor yang membawa kepada timbulnya sikap kurang sensitiviti keagamaan ini. Antaranya ialah kerana ‘kejahilan’ atau tiada pendedahan yang berterusan mengenai amalan dan budaya beragama oleh penganut yang berlainan. Kesannya, beberapa perkara yang dianggap mulia dan suci oleh pandangan penganut agama tidak dirasai demikian oleh penganut yang lain. Ini membawa kepada perbuatan sikap tidak menghormati dan menghargai amalan dan budaya keagamaan oleh penganut agama.
Kes yang terjadi di Afghanistan baru-baru ini boleh dijadikan contoh bagaimana sikap jahil atau kurangnya pendedahan mengenai kesucian al-Quran membawa kepada perbuatan membakar kitab itu oleh tentera Amerika Syarikat. Kesannya, berlaku protes besaran oleh masyarakat Muslim atas kekecewaan sikap tidak sensitif itu dan ini telah menambahkan lagi rasa kebencian terhadap AS secara berterusan di dunia Islam.
Persoalan kurangnya pendedahan mengenai amalan dan budaya keagamaan ini perlu diatasi dengan kadar segera. Di negara kita, pengajian mengenai agama lain belum berkembang secara terbuka. Ia cuma terhad pada peringkat pengajian tinggi menerusi subjek Tamadun Islam dan Asia. Sudah wajar untuk pemikiran khusus mengenai persoalan ini dibincangkan seperti kefahaman amalan dan budaya beragama pelbagai masyarakat di negara ini diperkenalkan pada peringkat pendidikan menengah dan rendah. Ia bertujuan bagi memupuk sikap hormat menghormati terhadap amalan dan kebudayaan agama lain bermula seawal mungkin.
Pengenalan mengenai pengajian berkenaan amalan dan budaya agama yang pelbagai ini harus disertakan dengan perbincangan soal etika perhubungan antara agama. Dalam kata lain, subjek dialog antara agama harus dibangunkan secara lebih sistematik. Masyarakat dan generasi muda harus didedahkan dari awal lagi mengenai realiti kemajmukan agama yang wujud dan bagaimanakah pendekatan dialog ialah terbaik bagi mendepani kepelbagaian ini.
Dari perspektif dialog, agama difahami sebagai sumber kekuatan kepada kehidupan dan peradaban. Untuk itu, kekuatan yang positif yang dimiliki oleh setiap agama harus digembleng secara objektif demi kerukunan dan keharmonian bersama. Dalam kata lain, masyarakat harus dididik supaya melihat kemajmukan agama bukan sebagai satu bentuk ancaman sehingga membawa mereka berpandangan negatif atau melarikan diri daripada kemajmukannya yang sudah tidak boleh dielakkan lagi dalam kehidupan pada hari ini.
sumber: http://nuraqilahain.blogspot.com/
RELIGION AND BELIEFS
Malaysia is a multicultural society with Islam as the
dominant religion, whose followers make up 61 per cent of the population, but
the constitution guarantees religious freedom for many other faiths.
Although the country has a secular constitution, debate
continues about whether Malaysia should be a secular or Islamic state, with
politics often becoming entwined with religion.Relations between different religious groups are harmonious
and tolerant. Christmas, Chinese New Year and Deepavali have all been declared
national holidays alongside Islamic holidays. Various groups have been set up
to try and promote religious understanding among the different groups, with
religious harmony seen as a priority by Malaysian politicians. However, it is
illegal to convert Muslims to other religions.The government promotes a moderate form of Islam known as
Islam Hadhari. Any teaching which deviates from the official Sunni code is
illegal, and no other forms of Islam are allowed. The country has both civil
and Shariah courts, with all Muslims having to follow Shariah law, which is
enforced by the government and police forces.The large Chinese population practices a mixture of beliefs,
with influences from traditional religions followed in China such as Buddhism
and Daoism. Hinduism is followed by the majority of Malaysian Indians.
Christianity has established itself in some communities, especially in East
Malaysia but it is not tied to any specific ethnic group. Other religions, such
as the Baha’I Faith and Sikhism also have adherents in Malaysia.According to the 2010 Population and Housing Census, the
country’s religious make up is as follows: Muslim 61.3 per cent; Buddhist 19.8
per cent; Christian 9.2 per cent; Hindu 6.3 per cent; Confucianism, Taoism and
other traditional Chinese religions 1.3 per cent; Atheist 0.7 per cent; and
other or unknown religions 1.4 per cent.Most Malaysian Chinese follow a combination of Buddhism,
Confucianism and ancestor-worship, but when pressed to specify their religion
will identify themselves as Buddhists and will list themselves as such for
bureaucratic purposes. The indigenous tribes of East Malaysia have mostly
converted to Christianity, although Christianity has made fewer inroads into
Peninsular Malaysia.
Islam
Islam is thought to have been brought to Malaysia around the
13th century by Indian traders. In the early 15th century, the Malacca
Sultanate – considered the first independent state on the peninsula – was
founded and led by a Muslim prince, the influence of Malacca led to the spread
of Islam throughout the Malay population.Islam is generally practiced liberally, although in the last
20 years strict adherence to Islamic practice has increased. The Malaysian
government promotes a moderate version of Islam which is meant to encourage a
balanced approach to life and encourages inclusivity, tolerance and looking
outwards. The qualities it values are knowledge, hard work, honesty, good
administration and efficiency.
Chinese religionsMany Malaysian Chinese practice a mixture of Buddhism,
Confucianism, and Daoism and for many Chinese people, religion is an essential
part of their cultural life. Around 19 per cent of the current population
classify themselves as Buddhist and most Malaysian Chinese follow the Mahayana
branch, whereas Thai and Sinhalese minorities in Malaysia follow the Therevada
branch. A Malaysian Buddhist Council has been created to promote the study and
practice of Buddhism and promote solidarity among Malaysian Buddhists.
Hinduism
The majority of the Tamil population of Malaysia practice
Hinduism. Current adherents are mostly descended from migrant communities from
Tamil Nadu who came to Malaya to work on British rubber plantations. A small
community of migrants from North India also exists. Urban temples are often
dedicated to a single deity, while rural temples are often home to multiple
deities.
Sikhism
The Sikh community in Malaysia owes its beginnings in the
country to the British connection and in particular with the recruitment of
Sikhs for the paramilitary and police units which formed the nucleus from which
the modern police and military forces of the nation derived. The first of these
units was the Perak Sikhs. The Sikhs believe and worship the one and only God
who is formless. Hence, idol worship is denounced by the Sikh scriptures. The
Sikhs’ place of worship is known as a Gurdwara which is open to all
irrespective of race, religion, colour or sex.
Christianity
Early international trade played a key role in bringing
Christianity to Malaysia. Some Persian traders were Nestorian Christians.
Later, in the era of the middle ages, Catholic diplomats, travellers and
priests travelled through the Straits enroute to China. Among the traders
residing in Melaka during the Melaka Sultanate in the 15th century were
Nestorians and also Armenian Christians from what is today Eastern Turkey.
Churches were established in the area with the coming of the Portuguese in
1511, the Dutch in 1641 and the British in 1786.
sumber: http://www.destination-asia.com/malaysia/about/beliefs/
Older post
Pengajian Malaysia. Bab 8: PEMIKIRAN DAN KEPERCAYAAN
Sensitiviti Agama Jamin Keharmonian Kaum
Dalam hubungan ini, kita ingin mengambil perhatian kepada semua penganut agama di negara ini untuk menjaga sensitiviti keagamaan dalam sebarang bentuk kegiatan yang bersifat pengucapan dan kependidikan. Malah, dari beberapa kes yang sudah terjadi ini, ia memberi iktibar betapa keutamaan harus diberikan pada masa kini oleh semua pihak bagi memupuk etika perhubungan keagamaan yang kukuh antaranya dari segi menjaga sensitiviti antara sesama penganut agama. Hal ini harus diberi perhatian yang tinggi kerana kita semua sedia ketahui kesan dan akibat sekiranya permusuhan agama berlaku dalam sesebuah masyarakat. Kita tidak boleh menggadaikan kerukunan hidup masyarakat seluruhnya hanya disebabkan oleh perbuatan leka dan tidak sensitif sesetengah pihak terhadap agama orang lain.
Sekiranya diteliti, banyak faktor yang membawa kepada timbulnya sikap kurang sensitiviti keagamaan ini. Antaranya ialah kerana ‘kejahilan’ atau tiada pendedahan yang berterusan mengenai amalan dan budaya beragama oleh penganut yang berlainan. Kesannya, beberapa perkara yang dianggap mulia dan suci oleh pandangan penganut agama tidak dirasai demikian oleh penganut yang lain. Ini membawa kepada perbuatan sikap tidak menghormati dan menghargai amalan dan budaya keagamaan oleh penganut agama.
Kes yang terjadi di Afghanistan baru-baru ini boleh dijadikan contoh bagaimana sikap jahil atau kurangnya pendedahan mengenai kesucian al-Quran membawa kepada perbuatan membakar kitab itu oleh tentera Amerika Syarikat. Kesannya, berlaku protes besaran oleh masyarakat Muslim atas kekecewaan sikap tidak sensitif itu dan ini telah menambahkan lagi rasa kebencian terhadap AS secara berterusan di dunia Islam.
Persoalan kurangnya pendedahan mengenai amalan dan budaya keagamaan ini perlu diatasi dengan kadar segera. Di negara kita, pengajian mengenai agama lain belum berkembang secara terbuka. Ia cuma terhad pada peringkat pengajian tinggi menerusi subjek Tamadun Islam dan Asia. Sudah wajar untuk pemikiran khusus mengenai persoalan ini dibincangkan seperti kefahaman amalan dan budaya beragama pelbagai masyarakat di negara ini diperkenalkan pada peringkat pendidikan menengah dan rendah. Ia bertujuan bagi memupuk sikap hormat menghormati terhadap amalan dan kebudayaan agama lain bermula seawal mungkin.
Pengenalan mengenai pengajian berkenaan amalan dan budaya agama yang pelbagai ini harus disertakan dengan perbincangan soal etika perhubungan antara agama. Dalam kata lain, subjek dialog antara agama harus dibangunkan secara lebih sistematik. Masyarakat dan generasi muda harus didedahkan dari awal lagi mengenai realiti kemajmukan agama yang wujud dan bagaimanakah pendekatan dialog ialah terbaik bagi mendepani kepelbagaian ini.
Dari perspektif dialog, agama difahami sebagai sumber kekuatan kepada kehidupan dan peradaban. Untuk itu, kekuatan yang positif yang dimiliki oleh setiap agama harus digembleng secara objektif demi kerukunan dan keharmonian bersama. Dalam kata lain, masyarakat harus dididik supaya melihat kemajmukan agama bukan sebagai satu bentuk ancaman sehingga membawa mereka berpandangan negatif atau melarikan diri daripada kemajmukannya yang sudah tidak boleh dielakkan lagi dalam kehidupan pada hari ini.
sumber: http://nuraqilahain.blogspot.com/
RELIGION AND BELIEFS
Malaysia is a multicultural society with Islam as the
dominant religion, whose followers make up 61 per cent of the population, but
the constitution guarantees religious freedom for many other faiths.
Although the country has a secular constitution, debate
continues about whether Malaysia should be a secular or Islamic state, with
politics often becoming entwined with religion.Relations between different religious groups are harmonious
and tolerant. Christmas, Chinese New Year and Deepavali have all been declared
national holidays alongside Islamic holidays. Various groups have been set up
to try and promote religious understanding among the different groups, with
religious harmony seen as a priority by Malaysian politicians. However, it is
illegal to convert Muslims to other religions.The government promotes a moderate form of Islam known as
Islam Hadhari. Any teaching which deviates from the official Sunni code is
illegal, and no other forms of Islam are allowed. The country has both civil
and Shariah courts, with all Muslims having to follow Shariah law, which is
enforced by the government and police forces.The large Chinese population practices a mixture of beliefs,
with influences from traditional religions followed in China such as Buddhism
and Daoism. Hinduism is followed by the majority of Malaysian Indians.
Christianity has established itself in some communities, especially in East
Malaysia but it is not tied to any specific ethnic group. Other religions, such
as the Baha’I Faith and Sikhism also have adherents in Malaysia.According to the 2010 Population and Housing Census, the
country’s religious make up is as follows: Muslim 61.3 per cent; Buddhist 19.8
per cent; Christian 9.2 per cent; Hindu 6.3 per cent; Confucianism, Taoism and
other traditional Chinese religions 1.3 per cent; Atheist 0.7 per cent; and
other or unknown religions 1.4 per cent.Most Malaysian Chinese follow a combination of Buddhism,
Confucianism and ancestor-worship, but when pressed to specify their religion
will identify themselves as Buddhists and will list themselves as such for
bureaucratic purposes. The indigenous tribes of East Malaysia have mostly
converted to Christianity, although Christianity has made fewer inroads into
Peninsular Malaysia.
Islam
Islam is thought to have been brought to Malaysia around the
13th century by Indian traders. In the early 15th century, the Malacca
Sultanate – considered the first independent state on the peninsula – was
founded and led by a Muslim prince, the influence of Malacca led to the spread
of Islam throughout the Malay population.Islam is generally practiced liberally, although in the last
20 years strict adherence to Islamic practice has increased. The Malaysian
government promotes a moderate version of Islam which is meant to encourage a
balanced approach to life and encourages inclusivity, tolerance and looking
outwards. The qualities it values are knowledge, hard work, honesty, good
administration and efficiency.
Chinese religionsMany Malaysian Chinese practice a mixture of Buddhism,
Confucianism, and Daoism and for many Chinese people, religion is an essential
part of their cultural life. Around 19 per cent of the current population
classify themselves as Buddhist and most Malaysian Chinese follow the Mahayana
branch, whereas Thai and Sinhalese minorities in Malaysia follow the Therevada
branch. A Malaysian Buddhist Council has been created to promote the study and
practice of Buddhism and promote solidarity among Malaysian Buddhists.
Hinduism
The majority of the Tamil population of Malaysia practice
Hinduism. Current adherents are mostly descended from migrant communities from
Tamil Nadu who came to Malaya to work on British rubber plantations. A small
community of migrants from North India also exists. Urban temples are often
dedicated to a single deity, while rural temples are often home to multiple
deities.
Sikhism
The Sikh community in Malaysia owes its beginnings in the
country to the British connection and in particular with the recruitment of
Sikhs for the paramilitary and police units which formed the nucleus from which
the modern police and military forces of the nation derived. The first of these
units was the Perak Sikhs. The Sikhs believe and worship the one and only God
who is formless. Hence, idol worship is denounced by the Sikh scriptures. The
Sikhs’ place of worship is known as a Gurdwara which is open to all
irrespective of race, religion, colour or sex.
Christianity
Early international trade played a key role in bringing
Christianity to Malaysia. Some Persian traders were Nestorian Christians.
Later, in the era of the middle ages, Catholic diplomats, travellers and
priests travelled through the Straits enroute to China. Among the traders
residing in Melaka during the Melaka Sultanate in the 15th century were
Nestorians and also Armenian Christians from what is today Eastern Turkey.
Churches were established in the area with the coming of the Portuguese in
1511, the Dutch in 1641 and the British in 1786.
sumber: http://www.destination-asia.com/malaysia/about/beliefs/
Older post
